Pope clement i biography of abraham

While 2 Clement has been traditionally ascribed to Clement, most scholars believe that 2 Clement was written in the 2nd century based on the doctrinal themes of the text and a near match between words in 2 Clement and in the Greek Gospel of the Egyptians. Two "Epistles on Virginity" were traditionally attributed to Clement, but now there exists almost universal consensus that Clement was not the author of those two epistles.

A 9th-century collection of church legislation known as the False Decretals, which was once attributed to Isidore of Seville , is largely composed of forgeries. All of what it presents as letters of pre- Nicene popes, beginning with Clement, are forgeries, as are some of the documents that it attributes to councils; [ g ] and more than forty falsifications are found in the decretals that it gives as those of post-Nicene popes from Sylvester I — to Gregory II — The False Decretals were part of a series of falsifications of past legislation by a party in the Carolingian Empire whose principal aim was to free the church and the bishops from interference by the state and the metropolitan archbishops respectively.

Clement is included among other early Christian popes as authors of the Pseudo-Isidoran or False Decretals, a 9th-century forgery. These decrees and letters portray even the early popes as claiming absolute and universal authority. Clement is also the hero of an early Christian romance or novel that has survived in at least two different versions, known as the Clementine literature, where he is identified with Emperor Domitian 's cousin Titus Flavius Clemens.

Clementine literature portrays Clement as the Apostles' means of disseminating their teachings to the Church. Clement's name is in the Roman Canon of the Mass. He is commemorated on 23 November as a pope and martyr in the Catholic Church as well as within the Anglican Communion and the Lutheran Church. The St Clement's Church in Moscow is renowned for its glittering Baroque interior and iconostasis, as well as a set of gilded 18th-century railings.

The parish was disbanded in and the original free-standing gate was demolished. The Lenin State Library stored its books in the building throughout the Soviet period. It was not until that the building reverted to the Russian Orthodox Church. He was martyred by tying his neck to an anchor and casting him into the sea. The record of the 29th of the Coptic month of Hatour states that this saint was born in Rome to an honorable father whose name was Fostinus and also states that he was a member of the Roman senate and that his father educated him and taught him Greek literature.

Besides relics venerated in Rome and Kyiv see above , in the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in Spain , the shinbone of Clement is kept. Historically, this was a highly revered relic in the city. In workings of art, Clement can be recognized by having an anchor at his side or tied to his neck. He is most often depicted wearing papal vestments , including the pallium, and sometimes with a papal tiara but more often with a mitre.

He is also sometimes shown with papal symbols such as the papal cross and the Keys of Heaven. In reference to his martyrdom, he often holds the palm of martyrdom. Clement can be seen depicted near a fountain or spring , relating to the incident from his hagiography , or lying in a temple in the sea. Clement's Cross, in reference to the way he was martyred.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Herbermann, Charles, ed. Clement I ". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Wikidata item.

Head of the Catholic Church from 88 to 99 AD. Pope Saint. Rome , Italy , Roman Empire. Papal vestments Mariner's cross Anchor tied to the side Palm of martyrdom. Angono, Rizal Mariners Stone-cutters [ 1 ]. Life [ edit ]. Death and legends of final days [ edit ]. Writings [ edit ]. Epistle of Clement [ edit ]. Main article: First Epistle of Clement.

Theology [ edit ]. Writings formerly attributed to Clement [ edit ]. Second Epistle of Clement [ edit ]. Main article: Second Epistle of Clement. Epistles on Virginity [ edit ]. False Decretals [ edit ]. Main article: Pseudo-Isidore. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, and appears to imply a second. He knows Romans and Titus, and apparently cites several other of St.

Paul's Epistles. But Hebrews is most often employed of all New Testament books. James, probably, and I Peter, perhaps, are referred to. Fathers", by a Committee of the Oxford Society of Hist. Theology, Oxford, The tone of authority with which the letter speaks is noteworthy, especially in the later part 56, 58, etc. And yet undoubtedly this is the case.

There is little intentional dogmatic teaching in the Epistle, for it is almost wholly hortatory. A passage on the Holy Trinity is important. Christ is frequently represented as the High-Priest , and redemption is often referred to. Clement speaks strongly of justification by works. So then Christ is from God , and the Apostles from Christ. Both [missions] therefore came in due order by the will of God So preaching everywhere in country and town, they appointed their first-fruits , having proved them by the Spirit , to be bishops and deacons for those who should believe.

And this in no new fashion, for it had indeed been written from very ancient times about bishops and deacons ; for thus saith the Scripture: 'I will appoint their bishops in justice and their deacons in faith "' a strange citation of Isaiah For this cause therefore, having received complete foreknowledge, they appointed the aforesaid persons , and afterwards they have given a law, so that, if these should fall asleep, other approved men should succeed to their ministration.

For epinomen dedokasin , which the Latin renders legem dederunt , Lightfoot reads epimonen dedokasin , "they have provided a continuance". In any case the general meaning is clear, that the Apostles provided for a lawful succession of ministers. Presbyters are mentioned several times, but are not distinguished from bishops. There is absolutely no mention of a bishop at Corinth , and the ecclesiastical authorities there are always spoken of in the.

Sohm thinks there was as yet no bishop at Corinth when Clement wrote so Michiels and many other Catholic writers; Lightfoot leaves the question open , but that a bishop must have been appointed in consequence of the letter; he thinks that Rome was the origin of all ecclesiastical institutions and laws Kirchenrecht Harnack in Chronol. The liturgical character of parts of the Epistle is elaborately discussed by Lightfoot.

The prayer already mentioned, which reminds us of the Anaphora of early liturgies , cannot be regarded, says Duchesne, "as a reproduction of a sacred formulary but it is an excellent example of the style of solemn prayer in which the ecclesiastical leaders of that time were accustomed to express themselves at meetings for worship" Origines du culte chret.

The fine passage about Creation, , is almost in the style of a Preface, and concludes by introducing the Sanctus by the usual mention of the angelic powers : "Let us mark the whole host of the angels , how they stand by and minister unto His Will. For the Scripture saith: Ten thousand times ten thousand stood by Him, and thousands of thousands ministered unto Him, and they cried aloud: Holy holy, holy is the Lord of Sabaoth ; all creation is full of His glory.

Yea, and let us ourselves then being gathered together in concord with intentness of heart, cry unto Him. It is interesting to note that the contemporary Apocalypse of St. John shows the four living creatures, representing all creation, singing the Sanctus at the heavenly Mass. The historical references in the letter are deeply interesting: "To pass from the examples of ancient days, let us come to those champions who lived very near to our time.

Let us set before us the noble examples which belong to our generation. By reason of jealousy and envy the greatest and most righteous pillars of the Church were persecuted , and contended even until death. Let us set before our eyes the good Apostles. There was Peter, who by reason of unrighteous jealousy endured not one or two, but many labours, and thus having borne his testimony went to his appointed Place of glory.

By reason of jealousy and strife Paul by his example pointed out the prize of patient endurance. After that he had been seven times in bonds, had been driven into exile, had been stoned, had preached in the East and in the West, he won the noble renown which was the reward of his faith having taught righteousness unto the whole world and having reached the farthest bounds of the West; and when he had borne his testimony before the rulers, so he departed from the world and went unto the holy place having been found a notable pattern of patient endurance 5.

It is obvious that these two Apostles are mentioned because they suffered at Rome. It seems that St. Paul went to Spain as he intended Romans and as is declared by the spurious Acts of Peter and by the Muratorian fragment. By reason of jealousy women being persecuted , after that they had suffered cruel and unholy insults as Danaids and Dircae, safely reached the goal in the race of faith , and received a noble reward, feeble though they were in body" 6.

The "vast multitude" both of men and women "among ourselves" at Rome refers to the horrible persecution of Nero , described by Tacitus, "Ann. It is in the recent past, and the writer continues: "We are in the same lists, and the same contest awaits us" 7 - he is under another persecution , that of Domitian , covertly referred to as a series of "sudden and repeated calamities and reverses", which have prevented the letter from being written sooner.

The martyrdom of the Consul Clement probably patron of the pope's own family and the exile of his wife will be among these disasters.

Pope clement i biography of abraham

The date of the letter is determined by these notices of persecution. It is strange that even a few good scholars such as Grotius Grabe, Orsi , Uhlhorn, Hefele, Wieseler should have dated it soon after Nero. It is now universally acknowledged, after Lightfoot, that it was written about the last year of Domitian Harnack or immediately after his death in 96 Funk.

The Roman Church had existed several decades, for the two envoys to Corinth had lived in it from youth to age. The Church of Corinth is called archai Bishops and deacons have succeeded to bishops and deacons appointed by the Apostles Yet the time of the Apostles is "quite lately" and "our own veneration" 5. The external evidence is in accord.

The dates given for Clement's episcopate by Hegesippus are apparently , and that early writer states that the schism at Corinth took place under Domitian Eusebius , Church History III. Volkmar placed the date in the reign of Hadrian , because the Book of Judith is quoted, which he declared to have been written in that reign. He was followed by Baur, but not by Hilgenfeld.

Such a date is manifestly impossible, if only because the Epistle of Polycarp is entirely modelled on that of Clement and borrows from it freely. It is possibly employed by St. Ignatius, c. Polycarp, c. The Epistle is in the name of the Church of Rome but the early authorities always ascribe it to Clement. Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth , wrote c.

Hegesippus attributed the letter to Clement. Irenaeus , c. Clement of Alexandria , c. Lightfoot and Harnack are fond of pointing out that we hear earlier of the importance of the Roman Church than of the authority of the Roman bishop. Clemens, William Roger. Clemens Wenzeslaus. Clemens von Pirquet. Clemens non Papa, Jacobus. Clemens non Papa real name, Jacob Clement.

Clemens non Papa. Clemenceau, Georges — Clemence of Hungary — Clemence of Barking fl. Clemen, Jane ? Clemen, Carl. Clem, Margaret H ollingsworth. Clem Snide. Clement I, Pope, St. Clement II, Pope. Clement III antipope. Clement III, Antipope. Clement III, Pope. Clement IV, Pope. Clement IX, Pope. Clement L. Clement of Alexandria c. Clement of Alexandria, St.

Clement of Ireland, St. Clement of Rome. Clement the Bulgarian, St. Clement V, Pope. Clement VI, Pope. Clement VII, Antipope. Clement VII, Pope. Clement X, Pope. Clement XI, Pope. These challenges could be considered weaknesses or areas of struggle. His writings helped to confirm the apostolic authority of the clergy Clement I, P. He is venerated as a saint in many Christian traditions Clement I, P.

His dedication to the Church and his efforts to resolve disputes inspire me to live a life dedicated to service and peace-making. His teachings, particularly his emphasis on the authority of the presbyters, resonate with my own views on church leadership.