Nazek al malaika biography of albert einstein

Having an intimate knowledge of Arabic meters and prosody, al-Mala'ika reconfigured the form of the Arabic poem in an entirely new way. The traditional classical poem had a fixed form using a fixed number of feet from one meter in a every line. Each line was equally divided into two hemistiches and maintained the same rhyme throughout the poem.

Al-Mala'ika broke the unity and uniformity of the poetic line by writing lines of various length, including different numbers of feet and using poly-rhyme. This was a radical break with a tradition that predominated for centuries. However, al-Mala'ika was against doing away altogether with both rhyme and meter, as is the case in what came to be known as the prose poem—the form that has now become the most popular and pervasive.

He worked as a teacher first, then a civil servant and journalist. Al-Sayyab was first drawn to communism and then leaned more toward Arab nationalism.

Nazek al malaika biography of albert einstein

His political activism led to arrests and self-imposed exile. He suffered a degenerative disease toward the end of his life and died at a hospital in Kuwait in He was greatly influenced by the English poets and later by T. His later, more mature poetry incorporated Mesopotamian mythology. Similar to al-Mala'ika, al-Sayyab, around the same time, experimented with metrical feet and with new rhyme patterns, contributing to what came to be known as free verse.

There is a consensus that al-Mala'ika was a pioneering figure in the history of modern Arabic poetry. Her name and her contributions appear in every major study of modern Arabic poetry. Tens of dissertations have been written about her poetry and criticism, and a number of her poems and essays have appeared in translation. Although there are hundreds of works on her career in Arabic, a volume in English or another European language has yet to appear.

Nevertheless, it seems that she has secured her position in the history of Arabic literature as one of the architects of its modernity. The main critique that has been raised in retrospect is that al-Mala'ika's approach focused solely on form to the detriment of the content or the poetic vision, both of which are considered equally important to construct a truly modern and radical poetics.

Al-Mala'ika is considered by the great majority of critics and scholars to be one of the most important Arab poets and critics in the second half of the twentieth century. She was one of the first few, if not the first poet, to break away from the traditional form of the two-hemistich monorhyme and write in a new form that came to dominate the Arab literary scene until it was eclipsed by the prose poem, which abandons both meter and rhyme.

The predominantly romantic themes of her poetry might have lost some of their appeal with time, but her foundational role in establishing a new poetic form is still preserved half a century after her debut. Her work as a literary critic defined the parameters of this new form of poetry and helped to launch and institutionalize it, as well as enrich the debates and the vocabulary around it.

Arabic Poetry: Trajectories of Modernity and Tradition. London: Routledge, Jayyusi, Salma Khadra. Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, Moreh, Shmuel. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 10, Retrieved January 10, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.

Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. International Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Mala'ika, Nazik al- — Mala'ika, Nazik al- — gale. Filomena: What a beautiful piece of poetry. Thank you so much for sharing it with us.

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I hope to be able to sample these Aphorism fragrances someday. January 24, at pm. Plus, the prices are very high. September 11, by Victoria in Books , Culture. Do not let a bewildered sadness Or a sighing tear in my eyes deceive you. For sadness is the form of my revolt and my resistance Beneath the night—divinity be my witness! Love Song For Words Why do we fear words when they have been rose-palmed hands, fragrant, passing gently over our cheeks, and glasses of heartening wine sipped, one summer, by thirsty lips?

Subscribe Get my latest posts and reviews Get my monthly newsletter. Share Tweet Pin Email. Archived under: Books , Culture Tagged: arab poetry. Danaki: Indeed! This is a really good translation. What do you think? NEW Perfume Classes. Book now. My Articles in Other Publications. New to Perfume? Start Here! Salty Notes. New Launches. Al-Mala'ika also translated the work of other poets, sculpting the likes of Byron into Arabic rhyming quatrains.

In she won a scholarship to study for a year at Princeton University in New Jersey , and she was the first female student to attend that institution. In alMala'ika entered the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where she earned a master's degree in comparative literature. A biography of al-Mala'ika on the Jehat. It was her first poem in free verse.

Al-Mala'ika's family did not share her excitement over the poem's style. I am sure that this poem will change the map of Arabic poetry. The young poet was right. Since her first collection of poems, Ashiqat al-ayl Night's Lover or Lover of the Night , was published in , she has been credited by many with creating the first successful free verse Arabic poetry.

Al-Mala'ika was said to have practiced a more logical approach to free verse than other founders, and all agree that she was uniquely qualified to defend her theoretical opinions, thanks to her educational roots in theory, grammar, and music, and a consummate understanding of the Arabic language. Al-Mala'ika's second poetry collection, Shadaya waramad Sparks and Ashes, Splinters and Ashes or Ashes and Shrapnel, , included a skillfully argued preface that fortified her theory on the technical aspects and poetic merits of free verse.

Al-Mala'ika, despite her gender and her boldness, was highly respected for her work. Epic stories were replaced by short stories that were filled with the everyday struggles and experiences of people in Iraq. In she published an essay, Al-mar'a baina 'l-tarafain, al-salbiyya wa'l-akh-laq Women Between the Extremes of Passivity and Ethical Choice , now considered a feminist classic.

Al-Mala'ika's third collection of poems, Qararat almawjah Bottom of the Wave was released in In she married Abdel-Hadi Mahbouba, an academic colleague who eventually helped her found the University of Basra. Her next publication was an essay titled Qadaya alShi'r al-Mu'asir Issues of Contemporary Poetry, , and in her fourth poetry collection, Shajarat al-qamar Tree of the Moon , was released.

Her later poetry often used the old form and espoused more morally conservative views. Letters of condolence started to pour in at her home address in Baghdad, and it is even reported that obituaries appeared in some Arabic newspapers …. Some of Al-Malaika's poems were translated into Nepali by Suman Pokhrel , and collected along with the works of other poets in an anthology titled Manpareka Kehi Kavita.

Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikidata item. An Iraqi modernist poet. Early life and career [ edit ].