Documentos firmados por hitler biography

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Open Library American Libraries. Search the Wayback Machine Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Greiser soon complained that Forster was allowing thousands of Poles to be accepted as "racial" Germans and thus endangered German "racial purity". On 15 May , Himmler issued a memo entitled "Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Population in the East", calling for the expulsion of the entire Jewish population of Europe into Africa and the reduction of the Polish population to a "leaderless class of labourers".

On 9 April, German forces invaded Denmark and Norway. On the same day Hitler proclaimed the birth of the Greater Germanic Reich , his vision of a united empire of Germanic nations of Europe in which the Dutch, Flemish, and Scandinavians were joined into a "racially pure" polity under German leadership. These victories prompted Mussolini to have Italy join forces with Hitler on 10 June.

Documentos firmados por hitler biography

France and Germany signed an armistice on 22 June. Britain, whose troops were forced to evacuate France by sea from Dunkirk , [ ] continued to fight alongside other British dominions in the Battle of the Atlantic. Hitler made peace overtures to the new British leader, Winston Churchill , and upon their rejection he ordered a series of aerial attacks on Royal Air Force airbases and radar stations in southeast England.

On 7 September the systematic nightly bombing of London began. The nightly air raids on British cities intensified and continued for months, including London, Plymouth , and Coventry. Hitler's attempt to integrate the Soviet Union into the anti-British bloc failed after inconclusive talks between Hitler and Molotov in Berlin in November, and he ordered preparations for the invasion of the Soviet Union.

In February, German forces arrived in Libya to bolster the Italian presence. In April, Hitler launched the invasion of Yugoslavia , quickly followed by the invasion of Greece. By early August, Axis troops had advanced km miles and won the Battle of Smolensk. Hitler ordered Army Group Centre to temporarily halt its advance to Moscow and divert its Panzer groups to aid in the encirclement of Leningrad and Kiev.

Four days later, Hitler declared war against the United States. Overconfident in his own military expertise following the earlier victories in , Hitler became distrustful of his Army High Command and began to interfere in military and tactical planning, with damaging consequences. Over , Axis soldiers were killed and , were taken prisoner. Marshal Pietro Badoglio , placed in charge of the government, soon surrendered to the Allies.

On 6 June , the Western Allied armies landed in northern France in one of the largest amphibious operations in history, Operation Overlord. Between and , there were numerous plans to assassinate Hitler , some of which proceeded to significant degrees. Hitler narrowly survived because staff officer Heinz Brandt moved the briefcase containing the bomb behind a leg of the heavy conference table, which deflected much of the blast.

Later, Hitler ordered savage reprisals resulting in the execution of more than 4, people. By March , at least seven indictments had been filed against him. Recognising the strength and determination of the Red Army, Hitler decided to use his remaining mobile reserves against the American and British armies, which he perceived as far weaker.

Roosevelt on 12 April , but contrary to his expectations, this caused no rift among the Allies. In the ruined garden of the Reich Chancellery, he awarded Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth , who were now fighting the Red Army at the front near Berlin. Hitler ordered Steiner to attack the northern flank of the salient , while the German Ninth Army was ordered to attack northward in a pincer attack.

During a military conference on 22 April, Hitler inquired about Steiner's offensive. He was informed that the attack had not been launched and that the Soviets had entered Berlin. Hitler ordered everyone but Wilhelm Keitel, Alfred Jodl , Hans Krebs , and Wilhelm Burgdorf to leave the room, [ ] then launched into a tirade against the perceived treachery and incompetence of his generals, culminating in his declaration—for the first time—that "everything is lost".

By 23 April, the Red Army had surrounded Berlin, [ ] and Goebbels made a proclamation urging its citizens to defend the city. Berlin surrendered on 2 May. The remains of the Goebbels family, General Hans Krebs who had committed suicide that day , and Hitler's dog Blondi were repeatedly buried and exhumed by the Soviets. There is no evidence that any identifiable remains of Hitler or Braun—with the exception of dental bridges—were ever found by them.

Hitler's death was entered as an assumption of death based on this testimony. If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevisation of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!

The Holocaust and Germany's war in the East were based on Hitler's long-standing view that the Jews were the enemy of the German people, and that Lebensraum was needed for Germany's expansion. He focused on Eastern Europe for this expansion, aiming to defeat Poland and the Soviet Union and then removing or killing the Jews and Slavs. The genocide was organised and executed by Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich.

The records of the Wannsee Conference , held on 20 January and led by Heydrich, with fifteen senior Nazi officials participating, provide the clearest evidence of systematic planning for the Holocaust. On 22 February, Hitler was recorded saying, "we shall regain our health only by eliminating the Jews". Between and , the Schutzstaffel SS , assisted by collaborationist governments and recruits from occupied countries, were responsible for the deaths of at least eleven million non-combatants, [ ] [ ] including the murders of about 6 million Jews representing two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe , [ ] [ i ] and between , and 1,, Romani people.

Food supplies would be diverted to the German army and German civilians. Cities would be razed, and the land allowed to return to forest or resettled by German colonists. Hitler's policies resulted in the killing of nearly two million non-Jewish Polish civilians , [ ] over three million Soviet prisoners of war , [ ] communists and other political opponents, homosexuals , the physically and mentally disabled, [ ] [ ] Jehovah's Witnesses , Adventists , and trade unionists.

Hitler never spoke publicly about the killings and seems to have never visited the concentration camps. The laws banned sexual relations and marriages between Aryans and Jews and were later extended to include "Gypsies, Negroes or their bastard offspring". The principle relied on absolute obedience of all subordinates to their superiors; thus, he viewed the government structure as a pyramid, with himself—the infallible leader —at the apex.

Rank in the party was not determined by elections—positions were filled through appointment by those of higher rank, who demanded unquestioning obedience to the will of the leader. His cabinet never met after , and he discouraged his ministers from meeting independently. Hitler dominated his country's war effort during World War II to a greater extent than any other national leader.

He strengthened his control of the armed forces in , and subsequently made all major decisions regarding Germany's military strategy. His decision to mount a risky series of offensives against Norway, France, and the Low Countries in against the advice of the military proved successful, though the diplomatic and military strategies he employed in attempts to force the United Kingdom out of the war ended in failure.

Nevertheless, he continued to believe that only his leadership could deliver victory. Hitler created a public image as a celibate man without a domestic life, dedicated entirely to his political mission and the nation. It was rumoured among contemporaries that Geli was in a romantic relationship with him, and her death was a source of deep, lasting pain.

Hitler was born to a practising Catholic mother and an anti-clerical father; after leaving home, Hitler never again attended Mass or received the sacraments. Conway states that Hitler was fundamentally opposed to the Christian churches. Hitler viewed the church as an important politically conservative influence on society, [ ] and he adopted a strategic relationship with it that "suited his immediate political purposes".

Hitler was more pragmatic, and his ambitions centred on more practical concerns. Researchers have variously suggested that Hitler suffered from irritable bowel syndrome , skin lesions , irregular heartbeat , coronary sclerosis , [ ] Parkinson's disease , [ ] [ ] syphilis , [ ] giant-cell arteritis , [ ] tinnitus , [ ] and monorchism. Waite proposes that Hitler suffered from borderline personality disorder.

Sometime in the s, Hitler adopted a mainly vegetarian diet , [ ] [ ] avoiding all meat and fish from onwards. At social events, he sometimes gave graphic accounts of the slaughter of animals in an effort to make his guests shun meat. Prescribed 90 medications during the war years by his personal physician, Theodor Morell , Hitler took many pills each day for chronic stomach problems and other ailments.

For peace, freedom and democracy never again fascism millions of dead warn [us]. According to historian Joachim Fest , Hitler's suicide was likened by numerous contemporaries to a "spell" being broken. Kershaw describes Hitler as "the embodiment of modern political evil". Germany suffered wholesale destruction, characterised as Stunde Null Zero Hour.

Rummel , the Nazi regime was responsible for the democidal killing of an estimated Historian Friedrich Meinecke described Hitler as "one of the great examples of the singular and incalculable power of personality in historical life". Roberts , Hitler's defeat marked the end of a phase of European history dominated by Germany. He contends that without Hitler, the de-colonisation of former European spheres of influence would have been postponed.

Hitler exploited documentary films and newsreels to inspire a cult of personality. He was involved and appeared in a series of propaganda films throughout his political career, many made by Leni Riefenstahl , regarded as a pioneer of modern filmmaking. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools.

Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Dictator of Nazi Germany from to Austria until Stateless — Germany from Eva Braun. German Army from Army Group A Adolf Hitler's voice. This article is part of a series about. Rise to power. Nazi Germany Cabinet Economy German rearmament. World War II. Crimes against humanity. Electoral campaigns.

Image and legacy. See also: Hitler family. Hitler's father, Alois , c. Hitler's mother, Klara , s. Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich. See also: Paintings by Adolf Hitler. Main article: Military career of Adolf Hitler. Main article: Political views of Adolf Hitler. Beer Hall Putsch and Landsberg Prison. Main article: Beer Hall Putsch.

Rebuilding the Nazi Party. Main article: Adolf Hitler's rise to power. Appointment as chancellor. Reichstag fire and March elections. Main article: Reichstag fire. Day of Potsdam and the Enabling Act. Main article: Enabling Act of Main article: Nazi Germany. Main article: Economy of Nazi Germany. Rearmament and new alliances. Main articles: Axis powers , Tripartite Pact , and German re-armament.

Early diplomatic successes. See also: Germany—Japan relations. Austria and Czechoslovakia. Main article: Death of Adolf Hitler. Main articles: The Holocaust and Final Solution. Main article: Hitler family. See also: Sexuality of Adolf Hitler. Main article: Religious views of Adolf Hitler. Hitler took this title after the death of Paul von Hindenburg , who had been serving as President.

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London: Penguin Books. Butler, Ewan; Young, Gordon Carr, William Arms, Autarky and Aggression. London: Edward Arnold. Conway, John S. The Nazi Persecution of the Churches — Crandell, William F. Presidential Studies Quarterly. JSTOR Deighton, Len New York: Random House. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Dollinger, Hans []. New York: Gramercy.

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Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Hitler, Adolf; Trevor-Roper, Hugh []. Hitler, Adolf [—]. Hitler's Table Talk, — London: Enigma. Jetzinger, Franz []. Hitler's Youth. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. Joachimsthaler, Anton []. London: Brockhampton Press. Kee, Robert Munich: The Eleventh Hour. London: Hamish Hamilton. Keegan, John London: Pimlico. Keller, Gustav Kellogg, Michael Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kershaw, Ian []. Hitler: — Hubris. Kershaw, Ian b. Hitler, — Nemesis. New York; London: W. Kershaw, Ian Hitler: A Biography. The End: Hitler's Germany, —45 Paperback ed. London: Penguin. Koch, H. Total downloads:. All shadow libraries that we have indexed on here primarily use MD5s to identify files. A file might appear in multiple shadow libraries.

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Report file quality. English [en],. Includes bibliographical references p. Originally published: Garden City, N. Originally published, Garden City, N. Pulitzer Prize-winning historian John Tolands classic, definitive biography of Adolf Hitler remains the most thorough, readable, accessible, and, as much as possible, objective account of the life of a man whose evil effect on the world in the twentieth century will always be felt.

Tolands research provided one of the final opportunities for a historian to conduct personal interviews with over two hundred individuals intimately associated with Hitler. At a certain distance yet still with access to many of the people who enabled and who opposed the fhrer and his Third Reich, Toland strove to treat this life as if Hitler lived and died a hundred years before instead of within his own memory.

From childhood and obscurity to his desperate end, Adolf Hitler emerges as, in Tolands words, far more complex and contradictory.